Robotic Theory
Al Jazari develop the principles of hydraulics to move the machine later known as the engine robot."It was impossible to ignore the work of Al-Jazari so important. In his book, he describes so detailed instructions to design, assemble, and to make a machine "(Donald Hill).
The sentence above is the comment Donald Hill, an engineer from England who are interested in the history of technology, on a book by a prominent Muslim engineers, Al-Jazari. Al Jazari is a major figure in the field of mekani and industry. Born dai Al Jazira, which is located between the northern Iraq and northeastern Syria, exactly between the Tigris River and Efrat.Al-Jazari an extraordinary engineers of his time. His full name was Badi Al-Zaman Abullezz Alrazz Ibn al-Jazari. He lived in Diyar Bakir, Turkey, during the twelfth century. Ibn Ismail Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari earned the nickname the "Father of Modern Engineering thanks to its findings that influenced the design of modern machines now, including combustion engine, crankshaft, suction pump, programmable automation, and more.
clock from al-Jazari
He called Al-Jazari as born in Al-Jazira, a region that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates, Iraq. Like his father he served on the kings Urtuq or Artuqid in Diyar Bakir from 1174 to 1200 as an engineer.
Donald Routledge in his book Studies in Medieval Islamic Technology, says that until modern times, none of a culture that can rival the complete instructions for designing, producing and preparing a variety of machines as compiled by Al-Jazari. In 1206 he completed a work in book form relating to the world teknik.Beliau documented more than 50 works of its findings, complete with details of the pictures in the book, "al-Jami Bain al-Ilm Wal 'AML al-Nafi Fi rays' at al-hiyal "(The Book of Knowledge of ingenious Mechanical Devices). This book contains the theory and practice of mechanics. His work is very different from the work of other scientists, because the Al-Jazari piawainya reveal in detail the matters related to the mechanics. And represents a valuable contribution in the history of engineering.
Advantages of the book click amazed invited British engineer, Donald Hill (1974). Donald commented that in history, so the importance of the work of Al-Jazari. The reason, he said, in the book Al-Jazari, there are instructions to design, assemble, and to make the machine.
In the same year was also 1206, al-Jazari make elephant clock that works with water power and weight of the object to automatically move the mechanical system, which in a certain interval will give the cymbals and the sound of birds chirping. The principle of automation is what inspired humanoid robot development today. Now a replica of the elephant clock was reconstructed by the London Science Museum, as a form of appreciation for his great work.
On the occasion of World of Islam Festival held in England in 1976, many people who chuckle impressed with the work of Al-Jazari. Because the Science Museum reconstruct brilliant work of Al-Jazari, the water clock.
Donald Hill's interest in the works of Al-Jazari compelled him to translate the works of Al-Jazari in 1974, or six centuries and sixty-eight years after the author completed his work.
by al jazari
Al-Jazari paper also considered unique because it gives a very detailed and clear. For other technical experts to know more just theory or they hide knowledge from others. In fact he describes the method of reconstruction of equipment that he had found.
His work is also regarded as a world-famous manuscript, which is considered as an important text for studying the history of technology. Its contents are illustrated with stunning miniature. The results of this work often attract attention even from the Western world.
With the work gemilangnya, Muslim scientists and engineers have brought about an Islamic society in the 12th century in triumph. He lived and worked in Mesopotamia for 25 years. He served in the palace Artuqid, at that time under the auspices of Sultan Nasir al-Din Mahmoud.
Al-Jazari a critically important contribution to science and society. Water pumping machine described in his book, became one of the inspiring work. Especially for engineering graduates from the country of the Western hemisphere.
If you view the history, the supply of water for drinking, domestic use, irrigation and industrial interests are vital in Muslim countries. However, what is often a problem is associated with an effective tool to pump water from the water source.
Ancient society has indeed been utilizing a number of tools to get water. Namely, Shaduf and Saqiya. Shaduf known in ancient times, both in Egypt and Assyria. This device consists of a long beam suspended between two pillars with horizontal wooden beams.
While Saqiya an animal-powered machines. The central mechanism consists of two teeth. Animal power was used donkeys and camels and Saqiya famous in the days of Rome.
Muslim scientists to explore the equipment to obtain more satisfactory results. Al-Jazari paved the road to get there with elaborate machine capable of producing quantities of water more than the machine that never existed before.
Al-Jazari, at the time, take responsibility for designing the five machines in the thirteenth century. Two first machine is a modification of Shaduf, all three machines is the development of Saqiya where water power replaced animal power.
A similar machine with Saqiya placed in the river Yazid in Damascus and is expected to be able to supply the water needs in the hospital near river.
The fourth machine is a machine that uses energy beams and animals. Beam driven up and down by a mechanism involving the tooth serration and a crank.
The engine note is the first machine that uses a crank as part of a machine. In Europe it is only happening in the 15th century. And it was considered a remarkable achievement.
Because the crank engine represents an important mechanical equipment after the wheel. He produces continuous rotary motion. In the past it has been found crank the engine, but driven by hand. However, the crank rod connected to the system on a machine that spins a different story.
The discovery of a type of engine crank it by historians of technology are considered as the most important mechanical equipment for the European people who lived in the early fifteenth century. Bertrand Gille stated that the system was previously unknown and very limited use.
In 1206 the engine crank rod connected to the system is fully developed in the engine water pumps are made of Al-Jazari. This was done three centuries prior to the Giorgio Martini Francesco do it.
While the fifth machine, is the engine-driven water pump which is the equipment that shows the progress of more radical. Movement of the existing water wheel in the machine moving the pistons which are interconnected.
Then, the cylinder piston is connected with a suction pipe. And subsequent vacuum tube to suck water from water sources and to distribute to the water supply system. This pump is an early example of the double-acting principle. Taqi al-Din and then turning it back in his fifth engine in the sixteenth century.
